Trafalgar Square, located on the site of the old royal stables - the central area of London, a few highways connecting London: Pall Mal, Strand, Charing Cross and Whitehall. Landmark Trafalgar Square pigeons have always been, demonstrations, and New Year celebrations. Every year here in Norway send Christmas tree, around which the New Year's Eve people gather.The idea of creating the area belongs to John Nash. The square was built in the years 1829-1941 to commemorate the victory won by the English fleet under Admiral Nelson in 1805 off Cape Trafalgar during the Anglo-French War. Nelson was killed in battle. In 1842, erected a granite column with the figure of Nelson's (architect Raylton, sculptor Bailey), column height of 60 meters (170 feet).The monument to this legendary Admiral, winner of the Battle of Trafalgar, is surrounded by four bronze lions of Sir Edwin Lendsera. The four bronze bas-relief at the base of the columns are made from melted cannons captured during the naval battles of the French Navy, and depict scenes of these battles.On the South side of the square is Whitehall, on the north - the National Gallery. It was founded by King George IV, who demanded the government to acquire a collection of 38 paintings, which included six works of Hogarth. Paintings by Rubens, Rembrandt and other Flemish, Dutch and Italian Renaissance artists were acquired later, as the gallery has expanded.Today, the National Gallery in London - one of the world's best collections of Western - European, including British Painting (ages 13-20 masterpieces), and is the center of world art. Built in 1834-1837 years in the classical style, and later expanded (architect U.Uilkkins).Near the National Gallery in the Palace of St. Martin is the National Gallery of portrait art, which has in its exposition of the amazing collection of portraits of prominent figures of Tudor England with the times to the present time, and containing in its stores more than 4500 drawings, paintings and sculptures. National Portrait Gallery in London is one of the first countries to recognize the role of photography in art.On the opposite side of the court stands the church of the royal family - the Church of St. Martin in the fields (St.Martin `s in the fields) with a striking portico in the Corinthian style and an elegant spire height of 56 meters. It is built on the site of the medieval church in 1726, the Scottish architect James Gibbs.In 1958 it became a tradition to arrange in her free afternoon concerts (at 13.05 h. Every Monday, Tuesday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday). In the crypt of the restaurant and the center of the copper coinage.On the south side of the square rises the equestrian statue of Charles the First, sold as scrap metal after the Civil War, discovered during the restoration and re-erected in 1675. The bronze plaque represents an official center of London. This is where the statue stood Charing Cross. A copy of it made in the XIX century, is now in front of Charing Cross station.The British Museum, one of the largest museums in the world, was founded by a bequest of Sir Hans Sloane in 1753, when he insisted that Parliament has acquired its art collection, works of ancient art and natural history of 20,000 pounds, which was much lower than their present prices . At the same time acquired a collection of manuscripts Harnleyna, and January 15, 1759 a new museum was opened, but only for a select few people. In 1823 the Royal Library was built, which later completed construction of new facilities, as well as a round reading room under the big copper dome (diameter of the dome is 47 meters - more than the diameter of the dome of St. Peter's in Rome). The museum building (architect R.Smerk) was erected in 1823-47 years.Today, the British Museum - the main museum of the capital, receives more than 4 million visitors annually. In the museum are ancient works of art, from the newly discovered treasures of the Roman period to the copies of the "Magna Carta", the Parthenon sculptures and ancient Egyptian mummies, and the massive granite of the Pharaohs.Only one collection of Egyptian, Assyrian and Greek sculpture are dragotseyneyshim in the world. "The Pearl" of the museum are once adorned the Parthenon Marbles Athens, brought in the early nineteenth century from the Athenian Acropolis by Lord Elgin, as well as the Assyrian bas-reliefs depicting the hunting of lions.Especially valuable is the Rosetta Stone (Book cryptographic linguist), inconspicuous basalt slab with which after the lapse of 4000 years been able to decipher Egyptian hieroglyphics. This is made possible by comparing it to the written one text in two languages. Thus he was the key to deciphering ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics.The main building of the museum is the mummy of a prehistoric man who was killed, "Pete Marsh", lain in a peat bog for centuries until it was pulled out farm plow, fossilized Archaeopteryx - bird, about the origin of which the views of scientists still disagree.You will see there is also outstanding collections of works of art of different nations and historical finds, representing nearly every culture around the world.The library and reading rooms of the British Museum, read books and wrote their prizvedeniya Sigmund Freud, Charles Dickens, Bernardo Shaw. Victoria and Albert Museum is located next to a group of museums - the Science Museum, the Museum of Natural History and Geological Museum, which were created at the initiative of Prince Albert, after the Great Exhibition.Museum Victoria was opened in 1857 in South Kensington. The new building for the museum was built 40 years later in 1909 and inaugurated by Edward YII. Above the main entrance of the building in the style of psevdorenessansa installed sculpture of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. The length of the galleries of the museum up to 11 km.The museum is equally impressive for its outstanding collection of fine and applied arts. Its 150 rooms of the collected works of architecture and sculpture, furniture, musical instruments, a collection of priceless jewelry, ceramics, Indian and Far Eastern crafts, Byzantine sculpture, Old Italian painting.Among the treasures of the museum are paintings on cardboard and sketches by Raphael mural painting life-size, ordered him to Pope Leon X in 1515, and various artifacts from the great beds of the sixteenth century to the "Treasures of the kenning" - water, forged from pure gold and decorated with precious stones , which was brought from India by Lord Kenning after the rebellion of 1857-1859.Museum of Science was founded in 1856 and contains an amazing collection of vehicles, machinery, scientific instruments and self-propelled models. The exhibition traces the history and development of science and industry - from the first cars, trains and airplanes to space exploration and the era of computers. You will be able to see the first steam engines and the space capsule, "Apollo-12".Exposure science museum includes exhibits on such diverse topics as agriculture, telecommunications, medical equipment.Most exhibitions are held, "Food for the mind," "The Secret Life of Houses," etc. The site launch and operate the flight lab, and "animating" the exposure for children who can touch it and to familiarize young scientists with the basic laws.Historical Museum (Natural History Museum) is located in a wonderful "Roman" building designed by Alfred Waterhouse in 1881 and was once part of the British Museum. The exhibition is mainly devoted to human evolution and biology, as well as botany, zoology and mineralogy. National Collection of minerals and now existing plants and animals, gems, precious stones, as well as samples of all types of geological rocks and meteorites. There's even a piece of the moon is exposed. Particularly attractive exposure to human biology with moving exhibits (working model of the human body). An interesting room on the ecology of a huge video screen. On the ground floor at the entrance of the visitors will meet the dinosaurs and the skeleton of a whale.Madame Tussauds. Baker Street - the street of the hero of novels by Conan Doyle, Sherlock Holmes - lies on the north of Merilbon Road, where the famous wax museum Madame Tussauds. The museum Madame Tussauds you will have a meeting with the famous and notorious for individuals with executioners, dealt with its victims. Here, near the prominent characters of our time you can see some of the wax figures of the true victims of the guillotine, made during the French Revolution.The founder of the museum, nee Marie Groskholts, was born in Strasbourg in 1761. The childhood she spent in Paris with her mother and uncle (Philippe Curtius) - he was a professional sculptor who helped her to master this art. And then in 1789 she helped him sculpt sculpted portraits of victims of the revolution. In 1794 she inherited the uncle's collection of wax portraits in natural size, which is 8 years later brought to England, married a civil engineer Francois Tussaud.In England during the 33 years she led an exhausting life, traveling from town to town with his caravan. I had to stop in the most unsightly conditions, engage in packing and unpacking, restoration, lighting device exposure, advertising. Exhibition over the years has undergone a shipwreck in the Irish Sea and a fire. Nevertheless, over 33 years of nomadic life, she managed to increase its number of wax portraits (there were 30) four times. And in 70 years, she has continued to wander, moving from place to place up to seven times a year.From the very beginning of their exposure to the best she rented theaters and exhibition halls. No money spared on good lighting and sumptuous costumes. A truly legendary its persistence and tenacity with which it is wanted by the rarity, and sometimes these are terrible, like the present to the guillotine blade that cuts off the head of the French king Louis XV, or, conversely, real clothes, which was crowned Henry IV.In 1835, she finally settled in London, and sent my grandchildren to learn the art of sculpture in the school at the Royal Academy. Her self-portrait on display - this is the last portrait of her made when she was 81 years old.By the time of her death in 1850 at the age of 89 years of work were already known, then a famous American (Showan Barnum) - crossed the Atlantic in order to try to buy and move her show to New York.Published her memoirs, court painter Paul Fisher wrote in her parody. Dickens wrote in 1859 that Madame Tussauds - not just an exhibition, and the whole institution. This institute wrote and Thackeray, and A. Dumas. In 1884 (when the exposure was 400 pieces), the grandson of Madame Tussaud's, Joseph Randall Tussaud's, put the figure at the museum not far from Baker Street, where they now reside.Funding for relocation and maintenance of new facilities required larger expenditures than the family could afford Tussauds, so the museum since 1889, he became, as we now call, a joint venture. Since then, the collection keeps pace with the life of society, capturing both good and bad. Some of the exhibits presented in the museum, selected not on the basis of a celebrity, but from the fact that the features of their personality, character is very clearly manifested in the appearance.In 1970 in Amsterdam, opened a new exhibition, Department of Madame Tussauds.In London wax museum Madame Tussauds is annually visited by two million visitors.Next to the museum Madame Tussauds, in a building with a green dome of the planetarium is located, opened the Duke of Edinburgh in 1958. At the exhibitions and the show the night sky using modern technology in order to demonstrate the mysterious and majestic movement of heavenly bodies.
суббота, 4 августа 2012 г.
Trafalgar Square
Trafalgar Square, located on the site of the old royal stables - the central area of London, a few highways connecting London: Pall Mal, Strand, Charing Cross and Whitehall. Landmark Trafalgar Square pigeons have always been, demonstrations, and New Year celebrations. Every year here in Norway send Christmas tree, around which the New Year's Eve people gather.The idea of creating the area belongs to John Nash. The square was built in the years 1829-1941 to commemorate the victory won by the English fleet under Admiral Nelson in 1805 off Cape Trafalgar during the Anglo-French War. Nelson was killed in battle. In 1842, erected a granite column with the figure of Nelson's (architect Raylton, sculptor Bailey), column height of 60 meters (170 feet).The monument to this legendary Admiral, winner of the Battle of Trafalgar, is surrounded by four bronze lions of Sir Edwin Lendsera. The four bronze bas-relief at the base of the columns are made from melted cannons captured during the naval battles of the French Navy, and depict scenes of these battles.On the South side of the square is Whitehall, on the north - the National Gallery. It was founded by King George IV, who demanded the government to acquire a collection of 38 paintings, which included six works of Hogarth. Paintings by Rubens, Rembrandt and other Flemish, Dutch and Italian Renaissance artists were acquired later, as the gallery has expanded.Today, the National Gallery in London - one of the world's best collections of Western - European, including British Painting (ages 13-20 masterpieces), and is the center of world art. Built in 1834-1837 years in the classical style, and later expanded (architect U.Uilkkins).Near the National Gallery in the Palace of St. Martin is the National Gallery of portrait art, which has in its exposition of the amazing collection of portraits of prominent figures of Tudor England with the times to the present time, and containing in its stores more than 4500 drawings, paintings and sculptures. National Portrait Gallery in London is one of the first countries to recognize the role of photography in art.On the opposite side of the court stands the church of the royal family - the Church of St. Martin in the fields (St.Martin `s in the fields) with a striking portico in the Corinthian style and an elegant spire height of 56 meters. It is built on the site of the medieval church in 1726, the Scottish architect James Gibbs.In 1958 it became a tradition to arrange in her free afternoon concerts (at 13.05 h. Every Monday, Tuesday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday). In the crypt of the restaurant and the center of the copper coinage.On the south side of the square rises the equestrian statue of Charles the First, sold as scrap metal after the Civil War, discovered during the restoration and re-erected in 1675. The bronze plaque represents an official center of London. This is where the statue stood Charing Cross. A copy of it made in the XIX century, is now in front of Charing Cross station.The British Museum, one of the largest museums in the world, was founded by a bequest of Sir Hans Sloane in 1753, when he insisted that Parliament has acquired its art collection, works of ancient art and natural history of 20,000 pounds, which was much lower than their present prices . At the same time acquired a collection of manuscripts Harnleyna, and January 15, 1759 a new museum was opened, but only for a select few people. In 1823 the Royal Library was built, which later completed construction of new facilities, as well as a round reading room under the big copper dome (diameter of the dome is 47 meters - more than the diameter of the dome of St. Peter's in Rome). The museum building (architect R.Smerk) was erected in 1823-47 years.Today, the British Museum - the main museum of the capital, receives more than 4 million visitors annually. In the museum are ancient works of art, from the newly discovered treasures of the Roman period to the copies of the "Magna Carta", the Parthenon sculptures and ancient Egyptian mummies, and the massive granite of the Pharaohs.Only one collection of Egyptian, Assyrian and Greek sculpture are dragotseyneyshim in the world. "The Pearl" of the museum are once adorned the Parthenon Marbles Athens, brought in the early nineteenth century from the Athenian Acropolis by Lord Elgin, as well as the Assyrian bas-reliefs depicting the hunting of lions.Especially valuable is the Rosetta Stone (Book cryptographic linguist), inconspicuous basalt slab with which after the lapse of 4000 years been able to decipher Egyptian hieroglyphics. This is made possible by comparing it to the written one text in two languages. Thus he was the key to deciphering ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics.The main building of the museum is the mummy of a prehistoric man who was killed, "Pete Marsh", lain in a peat bog for centuries until it was pulled out farm plow, fossilized Archaeopteryx - bird, about the origin of which the views of scientists still disagree.You will see there is also outstanding collections of works of art of different nations and historical finds, representing nearly every culture around the world.The library and reading rooms of the British Museum, read books and wrote their prizvedeniya Sigmund Freud, Charles Dickens, Bernardo Shaw. Victoria and Albert Museum is located next to a group of museums - the Science Museum, the Museum of Natural History and Geological Museum, which were created at the initiative of Prince Albert, after the Great Exhibition.Museum Victoria was opened in 1857 in South Kensington. The new building for the museum was built 40 years later in 1909 and inaugurated by Edward YII. Above the main entrance of the building in the style of psevdorenessansa installed sculpture of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. The length of the galleries of the museum up to 11 km.The museum is equally impressive for its outstanding collection of fine and applied arts. Its 150 rooms of the collected works of architecture and sculpture, furniture, musical instruments, a collection of priceless jewelry, ceramics, Indian and Far Eastern crafts, Byzantine sculpture, Old Italian painting.Among the treasures of the museum are paintings on cardboard and sketches by Raphael mural painting life-size, ordered him to Pope Leon X in 1515, and various artifacts from the great beds of the sixteenth century to the "Treasures of the kenning" - water, forged from pure gold and decorated with precious stones , which was brought from India by Lord Kenning after the rebellion of 1857-1859.Museum of Science was founded in 1856 and contains an amazing collection of vehicles, machinery, scientific instruments and self-propelled models. The exhibition traces the history and development of science and industry - from the first cars, trains and airplanes to space exploration and the era of computers. You will be able to see the first steam engines and the space capsule, "Apollo-12".Exposure science museum includes exhibits on such diverse topics as agriculture, telecommunications, medical equipment.Most exhibitions are held, "Food for the mind," "The Secret Life of Houses," etc. The site launch and operate the flight lab, and "animating" the exposure for children who can touch it and to familiarize young scientists with the basic laws.Historical Museum (Natural History Museum) is located in a wonderful "Roman" building designed by Alfred Waterhouse in 1881 and was once part of the British Museum. The exhibition is mainly devoted to human evolution and biology, as well as botany, zoology and mineralogy. National Collection of minerals and now existing plants and animals, gems, precious stones, as well as samples of all types of geological rocks and meteorites. There's even a piece of the moon is exposed. Particularly attractive exposure to human biology with moving exhibits (working model of the human body). An interesting room on the ecology of a huge video screen. On the ground floor at the entrance of the visitors will meet the dinosaurs and the skeleton of a whale.Madame Tussauds. Baker Street - the street of the hero of novels by Conan Doyle, Sherlock Holmes - lies on the north of Merilbon Road, where the famous wax museum Madame Tussauds. The museum Madame Tussauds you will have a meeting with the famous and notorious for individuals with executioners, dealt with its victims. Here, near the prominent characters of our time you can see some of the wax figures of the true victims of the guillotine, made during the French Revolution.The founder of the museum, nee Marie Groskholts, was born in Strasbourg in 1761. The childhood she spent in Paris with her mother and uncle (Philippe Curtius) - he was a professional sculptor who helped her to master this art. And then in 1789 she helped him sculpt sculpted portraits of victims of the revolution. In 1794 she inherited the uncle's collection of wax portraits in natural size, which is 8 years later brought to England, married a civil engineer Francois Tussaud.In England during the 33 years she led an exhausting life, traveling from town to town with his caravan. I had to stop in the most unsightly conditions, engage in packing and unpacking, restoration, lighting device exposure, advertising. Exhibition over the years has undergone a shipwreck in the Irish Sea and a fire. Nevertheless, over 33 years of nomadic life, she managed to increase its number of wax portraits (there were 30) four times. And in 70 years, she has continued to wander, moving from place to place up to seven times a year.From the very beginning of their exposure to the best she rented theaters and exhibition halls. No money spared on good lighting and sumptuous costumes. A truly legendary its persistence and tenacity with which it is wanted by the rarity, and sometimes these are terrible, like the present to the guillotine blade that cuts off the head of the French king Louis XV, or, conversely, real clothes, which was crowned Henry IV.In 1835, she finally settled in London, and sent my grandchildren to learn the art of sculpture in the school at the Royal Academy. Her self-portrait on display - this is the last portrait of her made when she was 81 years old.By the time of her death in 1850 at the age of 89 years of work were already known, then a famous American (Showan Barnum) - crossed the Atlantic in order to try to buy and move her show to New York.Published her memoirs, court painter Paul Fisher wrote in her parody. Dickens wrote in 1859 that Madame Tussauds - not just an exhibition, and the whole institution. This institute wrote and Thackeray, and A. Dumas. In 1884 (when the exposure was 400 pieces), the grandson of Madame Tussaud's, Joseph Randall Tussaud's, put the figure at the museum not far from Baker Street, where they now reside.Funding for relocation and maintenance of new facilities required larger expenditures than the family could afford Tussauds, so the museum since 1889, he became, as we now call, a joint venture. Since then, the collection keeps pace with the life of society, capturing both good and bad. Some of the exhibits presented in the museum, selected not on the basis of a celebrity, but from the fact that the features of their personality, character is very clearly manifested in the appearance.In 1970 in Amsterdam, opened a new exhibition, Department of Madame Tussauds.In London wax museum Madame Tussauds is annually visited by two million visitors.Next to the museum Madame Tussauds, in a building with a green dome of the planetarium is located, opened the Duke of Edinburgh in 1958. At the exhibitions and the show the night sky using modern technology in order to demonstrate the mysterious and majestic movement of heavenly bodies.
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